Prolog
In plain terms
A logic programming language where you declare facts and rules.
Going deeper
In Prolog you state relationships and let the engine deduce answers through resolution and backtracking, rather than spelling out steps. It suits AI and rule-based problems.
Under the hood
Computation is automated logical inference; it backtracks to satisfy goals, excelling at constraint and symbolic problems but unusual for general coding.
Examples
Expert systems, natural language parsing, constraint solving, AI research.
Think of it like...
Like giving a detective the facts and rules and letting them deduce who did it.